Investigation of synovial fluid

EBM Klinik protokolları
27.10.2016 • Sonuncu dəyişiklik 27.10.2016
KariPuolakka

Əsas müddəalar

Sinovial maye

Nümunələrin alınması.

Nümunələrin daşınması üçün istifadə edilən qablar/konteynerlər/.

Bakterial müayinə

Kristalların müayinəsi

Hüceyrələrin sayılması

Müayinə aparılması

Sinovial mayeyə baxışın aparılması

Sinovial mayenin rəngi

Sinovial mayenin şəffalığı

Sinovial mayenin özlülüyü/qatılığı/

Bakterial müayinə

Kristalların analizi

Hüceyrələrin sayılması

Samples See table . Investigation of synovial fluid Separate analyses Total volume of the sample Ample Scant 1. Sample on the glass slide for staining (and cell differential) Gram-stain Gram-stain and cell differential count, cell count in a chamber 2. Sample for culture in an (aerobic) blood culture bottle Can be used as such Rinse the syringe with sodium chloride solution, that may also be injected into the joint and then reaspirated 3. Sample in heparin, fluoride oxalate or EDTA tubes (for the white cell count and differential) Use as such Not sufficient 4. Sample for crystal analysis Heparinized specimen tube On a glass slide sealing the margins with nail polish A sample from, e.g., the first metatarsophalangeal joint may be obtained with a very fine needle (26 or 27 gauge) and syringe that is first rinsed with heparin. A small amount of heparin and sodium chloride solution may also first be injected into the joint to allow crystal analysis even from a bloody sample. "?>

Interpretation of joint fluid analysis See table . Interpretation of synovial fluid findings Diagnosis Synovial leucocytes (x 106/l) Polymorphonuclear cells (%) Comments Many other forms of crystals can also be found in synovial fluid (for example, persisting corticosteroid crystals after intra-articular injection). Therefore, microscopy requires experience in crystal analysis. Bacterial arthritis > 40 000 > 80 Synovial leucocytes may be low in early disease. Bacterial stains negative in every second patient. Enteroarthritis or uroarthritis > 10 000 > 60 Occasionally cell number remarkably high Rheumatoid arthritis > 5 000 (20–) 40–90 Ankylosing spondylitis See rheumatoid arthritis Borrelia arthritis See rheumatoid arthritis Gout Strongly negatively birefringent crystals1 Pyrophosphate arthropathy 10 000–60 000 > 50 Weakly positively birefringent crystals1 Viral arthritis 1 000–20 000 5–90 Often mononuclear predominance Osteoarthritis 200–2 000 0–30 Very seldom polymorphonuclear predominance Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (early onset oligoarthritis) 1 500–15 000 5–50 Seldom polymorphonuclear predominance Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (other) 5 000–60 000 > 50 Sometimes mononuclear predominance Juvenile coxitis 1 000–6 000 10–80 Generally mononuclear predominance Bacterial bursitis > 2 000 > 50 Cell number may be small in early disease. "?>

 

 

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