A systematic review including 56 studies was abstracted in DARE. The interventions included preventative programmes, psychotherapy, counselling, guidance and training groups, taking place in schools (74%) or elsewhere.
Of the eight content outcome measures, six produced effect sizes that were significantly different from zero: disruptive behaviour, anxiety/fear, adjustment to divorce, social skills/adjustment, self-concept/self-esteem, and locus of control. The overall effect size from 49 studies comparing group treatment to wait-list or placebo control group was 0.61, SD 0.52, p<0.001). Studies in school setting (effect size = 0.53) were less effective than studies in clinical settings (effect size = 1.13).