A Cochrane review included 12 studies (eight comparing fluconazole and four ketoconazole with no antifungal or a nonabsorbable agent) with a total of 1 606 subjects. Combined results of trials with fluconazole/ketoconazole prophylaxis showed a reduction in total mortality by about 25% (relative risk 0.76, 95% confidence interval 0.59 to 0.97) and invasive fungal infections by about 50% (RR 0.46, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.68). Results across all trials were homogeneous despite considerable heterogeneity in clinical and methodological characteristics.