A Cochrane review (abstract , review ) included 14 studies with a total of 1553 patients. Overall mortality was not improved by the use of CSF plus antibiotics versus antibiotics alone (hazard ratio 0.74 (95% Cl 0.47 to 1.16). A marginally significant result was obtained for the use of CSF in reducing infection related mortality (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.26 to 1.20). The group of patients treated with CSF had a shorter length of hospitalization (RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.95) and a shorter time to neutrophil recovery (HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.81).