A Cochrane review included 4 studies with a total of 2300 women. The interventions ranged from brief advice through to education on health and lifestyle over several sessions. For most outcomes, data were only available from individual studies. No data were available for many of the review's prespecified outcomes (e.g. the development of pregnancy complications, miscarriage, therapeutic abortion, neonatal condition at birth). In only one study were women followed up through pregnancy and there was little evidence of any differences between groups, although the babies of women who had received the health promotion intervention had slightly lower birthweights (mean difference -97.00 g, 95% CI -168.05 to -25.95; n=781, data were available for only half of the women randomised). In one study health promotion interventions were associated with positive maternal self-reported behavioural change including lower rates of binge drinking (RR 1.24, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.44; 1 trial, n=593). There were several shortcoming in quality of the studies.