A Cochrane review included 5 cohort and 9 case-control studies with a total of 1 601 515 subjects. There were no significant associations between topical corticosteroids of any potency and pregnancy outcomes including mode of delivery, congenital abnormality, orofacial cleft, preterm delivery, low birth weight, and stillbirth .
| Outcome | Relative effect (95% CI) | Assumed risk - Unexposed / control group | Corresponding risk - Interventon Exposed / case group | No of Participants (studies) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Congenital abnormality | RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.34 to 1.96 | Cohort studies: 3.58% | Cohort studies: 2.94% | 9 433 (1 cohort study) |
| Congenital abnormality | OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.71 to 1.60 | Case-control study: 0.17% | Case-control study: 0.18% | 56 557 (1 case-control study) |
| Orofacial cleft | RR 1.12, 95% CI 0.54 to 2.33 | Cohort studies: 0.10% to 0.16% | Cohort studies: 0.13% to 0.21% | 40 605 (2 cohort studies) |
| Orifacial cleft | OR 1.20, 95% CI 0.68 to 2.13 | Case-control studies: 0.19% to 18.75% | Case-control studies: 0.04% to 1.72% | 641 917 (8 case-control studies) |
| Preterm delivery | RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.08 | Cohort studies: 0.76% to 6.40% | Cohort studies: 0% to 6.61% | 59 419 (4 cohort studies) |