Diarrhoea and vomiting in children – Related resources
22.09.2014 • Sonuncu dəyişiklik 05.08.2014
This article is created and updated by the EBMG Editorial Team
Cochrane reviews
- Early refeeding appears not to increase the risk of unscheduled intravenous fluid use, episodes of vomiting, or development of persistent diarrhea in children with acute diarrhoea .
- Probiotics appear to be effective in treating persistent diarrhoea in children .
- Rotarix® and RotaTeq® are effective vaccines for the prevention of rotavirus diarrhoea .
- Reduced osmolarity oral redydration solution compared to WHO ORS is associated with fewer unscheduled intravenous infusions, smaller tool volume, and less vomiting .
Thickened feeds appear to be helpful in reducing the symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux in infants. Elevating the head of the crib does not have any effect. Metoclopramide may have some benefit but that must be weighed against possible side effects .
- Interventions to promote hand washing may reduce diarrhoea episodes in children by about 30% both in high-income and low-income countries .
- In areas where diarrhoea is an important cause of child mortality and the prevalence of zinc deficiency or mild/moderate malnutrition is high, zinc appears to be beneficial by reducing duration of acute or persistent diarrhoea in children aged six months or more. Evidence is insufficient on its impact on mortality .
- Polymer-based oral rehydration solution (ORS) seems to have some advantages compared to glucose-based ORS for treating acute watery diarrhoea, although the evidence is insufficient .
- Oral ondansetron appears to reduce the amount of acute vomiting, the number of children who require intravenous rehydration, and admission for acute gastroenteritis .
Literature
- Murphy MS. Management of bloody diarrhoea in children in primary care. BMJ 2008 May 3;336(7651):1010-5.
- Mackenzie A, Barnes G, Shann F. Clinical signs of dehydration in children. Lancet 1989 Sep 9;2(8663):605-7.
- Elliott EJ. Acute gastroenteritis in children. BMJ 2007 Jan 6;334(7583):35-40.
- Grimwood K, Buttery JP. Clinical update: rotavirus gastroenteritis and its prevention. Lancet 2007 Jul 28;370(9584):302-4.